Dirtycow
Linux Kernel 2.6.22 < 3.9 - 'Dirty COW' /proc/self/mem Race Condition Privilege Escalation (/etc/passwd)
Linux Kernel 2.6.22 < 3.9 - 'Dirty COW' PTRACE_POKEDATA Race Condition Privilege Escalation (/etc/passwd)
The GitHub repo for exploit 40847 provides extra information.
gbonacini/CVE-2016-5195